面有可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管发炎A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管发炎见于脐和膀胱中间，并不一定位于脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅位于脐下。这些发炎可乏善可陈为完全无回波或高于回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 绘出11A，脐尿管发炎，此发炎已受细菌感染，内部包含更弱回波的液体。B，脐尿管发炎，缓和的发炎前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房肾脏特异性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有乳房肾脏特异性是乳房手术后后的一直合并症，无特殊乏善可陈，但可于以前手术后的瘢痕处见一角化肿物，并有周期特质的呼吸困难和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 绘出12 ，剖宫产印记处乳房肾脏特异性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可揭开序幕猝死特质呼吸困难后、口水或癫痫猝死后，其根本原因并不一定是抗凝治疗或出血特质疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，并不一定不很大，其菱形根据所处位置而定，在弓形支线以上，血肿常为球形，角速度呈上下方向，可于一侧想起（绘出13A）；在弓形支线以下，由于腹白支线缺如，可扩大横过中所支线，因此血肿乏善可陈为分叶状，其最大阔度位于横轴上。在胎儿面有血肿可见于脐上斜向扩大（绘出13B、C）。术后辐射特质导管内凝血的病症可于面有手术后瘢痕郊外想起大的血肿（绘出13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 绘出13A，一中所年妇女间歇性呼吸困难后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横筋膜。B，胎儿面有血肿。C，一胎儿脐导管下端处上面的面有血肿。UV，脐导管。D，一辐射特质导管内凝血的剖宫产术后病症疤痕处面有血肿。

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